Transcranial Brain Atlas
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The Transcranial Brain Atlas (TBA) series of studies, proposed by Prof. Chaozhe Zhu’s group, are built upon the CPC (Continuous Proportional Coordinate) system, a standardized scalp space. These studies characterize the human cranio-cerebral correspondence and map brain spatial information onto the scalp, thereby developing transcranial targeting methods for non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroimaging technologies, with the ultimate goal of enhancing targeting performance. Starting from the original TBA published in Science Advances (2018), the series has expanded to include large-scale fMRI-based atlas expansion (NeuroImage, 2020), developmental atlas for children and adolescents (Brain Stimulation, 2021), scalp-measurement based parameter space for manual TMS targeting (Brain Stimulation, 2022; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, 2025), pathological network-based targeting optimization model (Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2023), MNI2CPC probabilistic cortex-to-scalp mapping tool (Brain Stimulation, 2023), and photon propagation modeling-based fNIRS modality-specific atlas (NeuroImage, 2025). Collectively, these efforts establish a comprehensive methodological foundation for precise transcranial targeting across TMS, tES, and fNIRS applications.